He who fell in love and died (pining) he is martyr. That is, if he remained patient, did şabr. Imām Shafiýī said about love: hākadha’d dahru faşţabir lahu raziyyatu mālin aw firāqu ĥabībi This is the way of life, so be patient and reconciled; Either monetary problems, or separation from beloved. ----- Maqāşid al-Ĥasanah of Imām as-Sakhāwī, Hadith 1153: man áshiqa fa áffa wa katama fa māta māta shahīdan. He who loved, and remained chaste, and concealed (his feelings) and died (pining) has died a martyr. [Kashf al-Khafā 2:263; Mīzān 2:250; Tārikh Baghdād 5:156, 5:262, 6:50, 6:51, 13:184; Zād al-Máād 3:154; Lisān al-Mīzān 1:292; Al-Asrār 352, 496; Ad-Durar 395; Al-Manār 140; At-Tamīz 166; Al-Jāmiý 8852/8853; Asna’l Maţālib 1439; Taĥdhīr al-Khawwāş 112] --- Khaţīb in his Tārikh (baghdād) reports from Muĥammad ibn Dāwūd ibn Áli al-Aşbahānī. From Nafţawiyyah (?) from Muhammad mentioned above from his father the Imām of the Žāhiri madh’hab from Suwayd ibn Saýīd from Álī ibn Mus’hir from Abu Yaĥyā al-Khattāt from Mujāhid from ibn Ábbās who elevated this to RasulAllāh şallAllāhu álayhi wa sallam [marfūán] in these words: ‘fa huwa shahīd’ // he is a martyr. Jáfar as-Sirāj reports likewise in his Maşariý al-[FONT=']Ú[/FONT]sh’shāq reporting from the ĥadīth of Ĥasan ibn Álī al-Ashnāni and Aĥmed ibn Muĥammad ibn Masrūq and both of them report from Suwayd. his (Jáfar’s) wording: man áshiqa fa žufira fa áffa fa māta māta shahīdan // He who fell in love and was overcome and remained chaste and died (yearning) has died a martyr. --- Ibn Marzabān reports from Abu Bakr al-Azraq: Suwayd narrated to us with a stalled chain [mawqūfan] and he appended the word: fa māta // and if he died. Ibn Marzabān says that his shaykh [Suwayd] reported to him with an elevated [marfūú] chain; but since he criticized him [his shaykh] the continuity breaks [fa asqaţa’r rafá]. Eversince, he reports this as an interrupted [mawqūfan] narration. --- Imām as-suyūTi writes in, Abwāb as-Saáādah fī Asbāb ash-Shahādah:[this is a small booklet listing ĥadīths listing the reasons by which one gains martyrdom] Ĥadīth the twenty eighth: And Khaţīb in his Tārīkh, Daylami in Al-Firdaws report from Ibn Ábbās rađiyAllāhu ánhumā, that RasūlAllāh şallAllāhu álayhi wa sallam said: ‘he who loved, and preserved his chastity, and concealed (his affliction) and died (of yearning), has attained martyrdom' [man áshiqa fa áffa, fa katama, fa māta, fa huwa shahīd] -- Shaykh Ábd al-Qādir Áţa writes explaining this ĥadīth: Munāwi says in Fayđ al-Qadīr 6/180: ‘Ibn al-Árabi said: Infatuation/íshq is the state when the love of the beloved pervades the being such that every part succumbs, and is entirely deaf to everything else.’ He also said 6/179: ‘died a martyr [māta shahīdan] means, he shall be raised among martyrs in the hereafter [ākhirah]. Because infatuation, though it begins with sight and sound, extends beyond the faculties of these two. It is an Act of Allāh involving His slave, an Act that is devoid of means [bi lā sabab]. Here, íffah/chastity means, the ability to remain chaste with the power of doing otherwise; because if he succumbed to the desires of his nafs, he would have found comfort and soothed his heart. Even in those cases where [the desire] is not forbidden [ĥarām], and cases where the pining one would mayhap sin. But the grade of being a martyr would be achieved only if it is complete infatuation, abject absorption or acute affliction. The attribute of ‘chastity’ in the words, ‘and remained chaste’, describes a state of someone who has been slayed in the path of Allāh by resisting temptation/desire and renouncing pleasure of the nafs. Just as a combatant who struggles to exalt the name of Allāh, so also does this man (the lover) struggles against his desires; he does so, in is love which is more prominent and in His Awe and Fear; he gives reference to this True Eternal Love to that which is temporal and love of the creation. Suyūţi reports this ĥadīth in Jamú’l Jawāmiý 1/801; in Jāmiý aş-Şaghīr numbered 8834 with a comment that it is a weak narration [đaýīf]. --- Khaţīb reported this in Tarikh 12/479; Íjlūni said in Kashf al-Khafā 2/363, ĥadīth 2538: ‘Jáfar as-Sirāj reported this in Maşāriý al-Úsh’shāq from Suwayd in the words – ‘and he died a martyr's death’ Ibn Marzaban reports this from Abu Bakr al-Azraq who reports this from Suwayd with an interruption. He said that his shaykh narrated it to him with a continuous chain, but he criticized his shaykh; hence the continuity is not retained. After this he [Suwayd] narrated this with a broken chain. Yaĥyā ibn Maýīn and others disapproved of Suwayd so much so that Ĥākim reports in his Tārīkh: ‘Whenever Yaĥya spoke of this ĥadīth, he said: ‘Were it, that I had a horse and a lance; I would have duelled with Suwayd.’ In Maqāşid [al-Ĥasanah] Sakhāwi says: ‘But Suwayd is not alone in this report; Zubayr ibn Bakār reports from Mujāhid, with an elevated and authentic chain [marfūán bi sanadin saĥīĥ] and Ibn Hazm mentions this in [his book] Muúriđ al-Iĥtijāj: fa in ahlaka hawā uhlika shahīdan wa in tamannana baqiyat qarīru áyni rawā hādhā lanā qawmun thiqātun nawā biş şidqi án kidhbin wa mayni If one dies [yearning] in love, he hath died a martyr Though he is enfeebled, he yet retains the coolness of his eyes, This has been reported to us by a multitude of reliable narrators Known for truthfulness, opposed to falsehood and deception. [Abu’l Walīd] Al-Bāji, Abu’l Qāsim [al-Qushayrī] and others have wrote similarly in verse. Suyūţi says in his Durar al-Muntathirah that there are several routes from which it has been reported from Ibn Ábbās rađiyAllāhu ánhumā. Hākim mentions this in his Tārīkh Nisābūr; Khaţīb in Tārīkh Baghdād; Again, Khaţīb in another ĥadīth from Áāyishah in the words: ‘He who fell in love, and remained chaste AND THEN died, hath died a martyr’ [man áshiqa fa áffa thumma māta māta shahīdan]. He marked this with đād, denoting weak or đaýīf. Ibn Ásākir in Tārikh Dimashq; It has been reported from Daylami without [mention of] a chain from Abu Saýīd: ‘Love, free from deceit is a recompense of sins' [al-íshqu min ghayri rībatin kaffāratun lidh-dhunūb] See the ĥadīths in Al-Jāmiý [aş-Şaghīr] no.8852/8853 and [Suyūţi] declared both to be weak; Maqāşid al-Ĥasanah no.1153; At-Tamīz 1424; Al-Asrār 507; At-Tanzīh 2/394; Al-Fawāyid al-Majmūáh 761; Al-Manār 321; Tārikh Baghdād 5:156, 2:26, 6:51, 11:297, 12:479; 13:184; Asna’l Maţālib 1439; Mīzān al-Iýtidāl 2:250; Zād al-Máād 3:154; Lisān al-Mīzān 1:192; Tahdhīb at-Tahdhīb 4:274; Taĥdhīr al-Khawwāş 112; At-Tadhkirah li’l Aĥādīth al-Mushtahirah by Zarkashi 199.
