Penrose, I think, is one of those "agnostic atheists", who acknowledge that they don't have answers to the Big Questions - and, are willing to wait, as long as it takes, until the answers can be found "in a lab" - through a
scientific analysis.
But life is too short and the questions really aren't the subject-matter of scientific inquiry to begin with - so people like them will probably wait forever.
Until of-course, something dramatic/tragic happens to them personally or to the world that they inhabit.
Usually, those with the best of luxuries in life, also "enjoy" the "luxury" of disbelief.
These are the ones of whom the Qur'an said, even if you brought them manifest proofs, they will not believe.
Its is not the lack of proofs, the problem is not the evidence, but
belief itself - as if, their shaqawah, makes the very concept of "ubudiyyah" distasteful and repulsive to them.
As you can see, his constant refrain is along the lines of: "well, maybe all these mysteries are explained by a belief in God, but then, I don't see where it takes me. I don't see what I can do with it. Its just a hypotheses that has no practical applications".
In other words, belief in a Creator adds nothing special to the human lived experience. It's just a trivia which can be relegated to the archives of human history.
You kidding me?
"crazy ideas", "hunting for trans-aeonic signals from pre-big-bang intelligent life" are all very "fascinating" (but hush! don't you dare mention God) - investing in SETI also makes sense - even if millions be starving in third world countries.
hmm.
see the picture that emerges? life is a meaningless dystopia - with sundry "fascinating" moments for those lucky enough to enjoy it.